原文：Appreciation of sculpturedepends upon the ability to respond to formin three dimensions.
(相关资料图)
对雕塑的鉴赏力取决于对立体的反应能力。
1) Appreciation of sculpture 对雕塑的鉴赏。这里的介词of 表示动宾关系，也就是说appreciation和sculpture 虽然是两个名词，但appreciation 是从动词 appreciate 派生出来的，sculpture实际上是 appreciation 的逻辑宾语。
to respond to form 为动词不定式，作定语，修饰 the ability，意即“对立体的反应能力”。
in three dimensions 为介词短语，作定语修饰 form，意即“三维的”。
原文：That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions.
雕塑被说成是所有艺术中最难的艺术，可能就是这个道理。欣赏雕塑品当然比欣赏平面的艺术品要难。
2) shape in only two dimensions 作 flat forms 的同位语，意即“只有二维的形状”
原文：Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind.
“形盲”的人数比 “色盲”的人数要多得多。
3) form-blind 是作者仿照 colour-blind (色盲)生造的一个词，意即“形盲”故用引号引上。
colour-blind adj. 色盲的；（对待不同肤色的人）一视同仁的
eg: This would be so much easier if I wasn't colour-blind!
如果我不是色盲的话做这个应该不难
原文：The child learning to see, first distinguishesonly two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths.
正在学看东西的儿童起初只会分辨二维形态，不会判断距离和深度。
4) learning to see 作定语,修饰 the chid。it 指 the child。
distinguish [dɪ'stɪŋɡwɪʃ] v. 区分；辨别；分清；认出 ~ A (from B);
~ yourself (as sth) 使出众；使著名；使受人青睐
eg: It's not always that easy to distinguish the good guys from the bad guys.
分清好人和坏人并不是一件容易的事。
原文：Later, forits personal safety and practical needs, ithas to develop (partly by means oftouch) the ability to judgeroughly three-dimensonal distances.
慢慢地，由于自身安全和实际需要，儿童必须发展（部分通过触觉）粗略判断三维空间距离的能力。
5) for its personal... needs 为介词短语,作目的状语。it 指 the child。
括号中的内容是补充说明部分,说明孩子发展判断三维空间的能力是部分依赖触觉。
by means of 用······方法，依靠
eg:He made lots of money by means of working hard.
他通过辛勤劳动挣了许多钱。
to judge...为动词不定式,作定语,修饰 ability,意即“粗略判断三维空间距离的能力”。
原文：But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.
但是大部分人在满足了实际需要后，就不再继续发展这种能力了。
6) But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity 为分词短语，作时间状语
原文：Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perceptionof flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehendform in its full spatial existence.
虽然他们对平面形式的感觉能达到相当准确的程度，但他们没有在智力和感情上进一步努力去理解存在于空间的整个形态。
7) in the perception of flat form 在对平面的感觉方面。
needed to comprehend form... existence 为过去分词短语,作定语，修饰effort。
in its full spatial existence 为介短语，作定语,修饰form，即“存在于空间的整个形态”。
perception [pə(r)ˈsepʃ(ə)n] n. 感知；知觉；看法；洞察力
eg:If I make a fool of myself, who cares? I'm not frightened by anyone's perception of me.
如果我装傻，有谁会在意？别人对我的看法吓不倒我。
comprehend [ˌkɒmprɪˈhend] v. 理解；领悟；懂
eg: The child read the story but did not fully comprehend its meaning.
这孩子读了这个故事，但并不完全明白它的意思。
spatial ['speɪʃ(ə)l] adj. 空间
eg: He was the first to grasp the significance of that spatial relationship.
他是关注岩层空间关系意义的第一人。
原文：This is what the sculptor must do. He must strivecontinually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness.
而雕塑家就必须做到这一点。他必须勤于想像并且利用形体在空间中的完整性。
8) strive to do sth.努力做某事
eg: In my class I dare not to say that I was the best, but I work hard and strive to do the best.
在我的班里我不敢说我是最优秀的，但我很努力，努力做到最好。
form in its full spatial completeness 作动 to think of 和 use 的宾语。其中的介词短语 in its full spatial completeness 作定语，修饰 form，意即 “想像并且利用形体在空间中的完整性”。
原文：He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand.
可以说，当他想像一个物体时，不管其大小如何，他脑子里得到的是一个立体的概念，就好像完全握在自己手心里一样。
9) as it were 可以说是,作插入语。破折号后面的 he thinks of it为同位语,解释说明前面的文字。
whatever its size 作让步状语从句,size 后面省略了 may be,意思是“不管其大小如何”
as if引导的是方式状语从句。在正式文体中,由 as if 引导的方式状语从句多用 were，但在口语中也可用 was
eg: She looked at me as if I were a stranger.她看我的样子好象我是陌生人一样。
enclosed in the hollow of his hand 作宾语补足语
原文：He mentally visualizesa complex form from all round itself;
他的大脑能从物体周围的各个角度勾画出其复杂的形象，
10) from all round ilself 从它的各个角度构想。该处介词用斜体是为了强调。
visualize [ˈvɪʒʊəlaɪz] v. 想象；设想；使形象化；构思
eg:I just cannot visualize what might become of him.
我无法想像他会变成什么样。
原文：he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifieshimself withits centre of gravity, its mass, its weight;
他看物体的一边时，便知道另一边是个什么样子。他把自身和物体重心、质量、重量融为一体。
11) while he looks at one side 是时间状语从句。what the other side is like 是动词 knows 的宾语从句。
identify... with与......认同,与...... 融为一体
eg: I believe that most readers will identify with the author.
我相信大多数读者会与作者产生共鸣.
centre of gravity 重心
原文：he realizes its volume, asthe space that the shape displaces in the air.
他能意识到物体的体积，那就是它的形状在空气中所占的空间。
12) as为介词，逗号表示停顿，以强调 volume。
that the shape displaces in the air 为定语从句,修饰 the space
原文：And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceivean egg asa simple single solid shape, quite apart fromits significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird.
因此，敏锐的雕塑观赏者也必须学会把形体作为形体来感觉，不要靠描述和印象去想象。以鸟蛋为例。观赏者必须感觉到它是一个单一的实体形态，而完全不靠它的食用意义或它会变成鸟这样的文字概念来感觉。
13) perceive...as 把... 看作是
eg: She began to perceive him as a loser. 她开始把他看作是一个失败者。
quite apart from its significance... a bird 而完全抛开它的食用意义或它会变成鸟这样的文学概念来感觉。
apart from 撒开,除.......以外
eg: When the echo died away, there was no sound apart from that of the pelting rain.
回声一止，四下除了大雨之声，竟无其他声息。
that it will become a bird 是idea 的同位语从句。
reminiscence [ˌremɪˈnɪs(ə)ns] n. 回忆；回忆录；追忆；怀旧的谈话
eg: I don't understand why the reminiscence should evoke such a strong emotion.
我自己也不明白，为什么会起这么深浓的情绪.
原文：And so with solidssuch as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole [ˈtædˌpəʊl], a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush ['bʊlrʌʃ] , a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.
对于其他实体，如，贝壳、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟儿、花蕾、云雀、瓢虫、芦苇以及骨头也应这样来感觉。从这些形体出发，观赏者可进一步观察更为复杂的形体或若干形体的组合。
14) so with solids中的so指前面提到的 to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence (把形体作为形体来感觉,不要靠描述和印象去感觉), 意即“对于其他实体也应这样来感觉”。
such as 用来列举一系列的实体。
tadpole [ˈtædˌpəʊl] n. 蝌蚪mushroom [ˈmʌʃruːm] n. 蘑菇carrot [ˈkærət] n. 胡萝卜bud [bʌd] n. 花蕾lark [lɑː(r)k] n. 云雀ladybird [ˈleɪdiˌbɜː(r)d] n. 瓢虫bulrush ['bʊlrʌʃ] n. 芦苇
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